PERIODIZATION OF FOUR MAIN INDICATOR OF PENCAK SILAT OLAHRAGA
Shapie, M. N. M (12) & Mimi Shuhada , M. (1)
1. Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Rekreasi, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to find
out about the difference between the winner and loser exponent in Silat
Olahraga for men category. The video was use to indicate and find out the
result. The videotape from Pencak Silat Tanding Category A, B and C in Sea
Games 2015 has been selected to be analyzed where the subject was involved in
the match from the SEA Games 2015 in Singapore. The indicator in Silat that had
chosen to be analyses is Punch, Kick, Topple, and Sweep. The punch attack is
done by a hand with a closed fist hitting the target. In Silat, punching is
often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch or uppercut to the
exponent body’s. The kick is an attacking movement which is performed with one
leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be
front kick, side-kick or semi-circular side kick. Topple is a Silat exponent
‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bag or from
the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his
balance. Sweeping involves attacking an opponent’s leg which is on the ground
to unstable him and bring down to the ground. The punch indicator as can see
from the result table show that the difference result between the winner and
loser exponent was big which the difference is about 35 punching where the 45
punch had been throw by the loser exponent and just 10 punch by winner
exponent. The topple skills in silat competition which the total is 34 try
where the loser exponent only done the topple skills about 27 times. Lastly,
the sweep indicator as show in the table, the winner exponent had done the
sweep skills nine times more than the loser exponent.
The purpose of this study is to find
out about the difference between the winner and loser exponent in Silat
Olahraga for men category. The video was use to indicate and find out the
result. The videotape from Pencak Silat Tanding Category A, B and C in Sea
Games 2015 has been selected to be analyzed where the subject was involved in
the match from the SEA Games 2015 in Singapore. The indicator in Silat that had
chosen to be analyses is Punch, Kick, Topple, and Sweep. The punch attack is
done by a hand with a closed fist hitting the target. In Silat, punching is
often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch or uppercut to the
exponent body’s. The kick is an attacking movement which is performed with one
leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be
front kick, side-kick or semi-circular side kick. Topple is a Silat exponent
‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bag or from
the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his
balance. Sweeping involves attacking an opponent’s leg which is on the ground
to unstable him and bring down to the ground. The punch indicator as can see
from the result table show that the difference result between the winner and
loser exponent was big which the difference is about 35 punching where the 45
punch had been throw by the loser exponent and just 10 punch by winner
exponent. The topple skills in silat competition which the total is 34 try
where the loser exponent only done the topple skills about 27 times. Lastly,
the sweep indicator as show in the table, the winner exponent had done the
sweep skills nine times more than the loser exponent.
INTRODUCTION
The
first word of Pencak Silat was use while the organization of the unity of
Pencak schools and Silat schools in Indonesia was founded in Surakarta in 1948,
which called IkatanPencakSilat Indonesia (The Indonesian PencakSilat
Association), abbreviated as IPSI had build (Kartomi, 2011).
Now, the martial art of silat has known widely around the world with the many establishments
of the silat organizations such as in Malaysia (Persekutuan Silat Kabangsaan
(PESAKA), Singapore (Persekutuan Silat Singapura (PERSISI) and Brunei
Darussalam (Persekutuan Silat Kabangsaan Brunei Darussalam (PERSIB). Other than
that Aziz, Tan, and Teh (2002)
added that the traditional art form had since been modified into a structured
competitive sport. The sport’s world controlling body, the International
PencakSilat Federation includes member countries such as the US, Japan and many
European nations (International PencakSilat Federation, 1999). There are
various internationally sanctioned competitions such as the European
Championship inaugurated in 1985, Southeast Asian Games (since 1987) and World
Championships (since 1982) where the competition had been held at the countries
that don’t have any background about silat.
Based
on Shapie, Nizam, Oliver, O'Donoghue, and Tong (2013)
Silat exponent’s motions was coded into 14 different types of movements, such
as punch, kick, block, catch, topple, sweep, evade/dodge, self-release, block and punch, block and
kick, block and sweep, fake punch, fake kick and others. Nonetheless, in
this performance analysis, there will be having four major indicators including
punch, kick, topple and sweep. Usually, for the fighting or sparing, the
players will be categorized according to their weight. There are 11 classes,
which starts from class A until class K (Latiff, 2012)
but for this purpose of study, the class category that will be taken is in male
categorized from class A until C only, and the main country that will be the
aim is Vietnam.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
The four video copy of the silat
olahraga match on the Pencak Silat
Tanding 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015 was been use to investigate in this study.
For this study all the video consist the match of the pesilat from Vietnam. A
Vietnam pesilat was choose as a main pesilat to indicate the notation of the motion
during the competition with others country. The video consist of the male weight
category from class A (50kg) at a final competition, quarterfinal from class B (55kg) and quarterfinal and semi final from category class C
which is 60 kg. All the video was choosing based on the winning pesilat from
the same country. The notation of the pesilat motion based on the indicator has
take during the video was play. Video sequences were repeated where necessary
and to allow accurate measurement of each movement category. The video could be
paused and played back frame-by-frame for ease of use.
The indication for this study as below:
Punch: The
punch attack is done by a hand with a closed fist hitting the target. In
punching is often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch or uppercut
to the exponent body’s.
Kick: The kick
is an attacking movement which is
performed with one leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be front kick, side-kick
or semi-circular side kick.
Block: The
blocking movements begin with the posture position: the exponent stands
straight with his hands around his
body or close to his chest. Blocking or parrying can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the purpose to block off or striking back
at any attack.
Catch: The catch
is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from carrying out an attack.
The silat exponent is able to prevent himself from being attacked by pointing the attack which he has
caught to another direction. A catch
which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden.
Topple: There
are various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent ‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bag
or from the side, shove, hit, kick,
strike or punch to make the opponent lose his balance. Every fall is considered valid as long as the silat exponent topples his opponent down without
wrestling or he is able to overpower
the opponent whom he has brought down.
Sweep: Swiping
involves attacking an opponent’s leg which are on the ground to unstable him
and bring down to the ground. A silat exponent can perform this attacking
movement either with his right or left leg, hence, front sweep is done by
swinging the leg to the front to push an opponent’s front leg, while back sweep
is carried out by swinging the leg backward to hit the back leg.
Evade/Dodge: The evade technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to
evade an attack. This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch the
opponent in fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his defensive
movement such as dodging, retreat, evasion to the side, bending, jumping,
ducking and etc.
Self-Release: Self-release technique is a technique to unlock any clinch or catch from an opponent.
Block and Punch: The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed
by counter attack using the hand to
punch the opponent.
Block and Kick: The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed
by counter attack using the leg to
kick the opponent.
Block and Sweep: The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed
by counter attack using sweeping
technique to the opponent.
Fake Punch: An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake punch to break
his opponent’s defensive posture.
Fake Kick: An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick to break
his opponent defensive posture.
Others: Both
silat exponents are either in posture position or coming close to each other
using silat step pattern. All the
activities are considered high intensity except for others which at that time both silat exponents are in low
intensity periods.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The observation of the frequencies of the
number all indicators and a four main movement that give a reason how the
pesilat can win the competition was recorded. Winner
notation indicator for category Men Class A (50kg) final, Men Class B (55kg)
quarterfinal, Men Class C (60kg) quarterfinal and semi-final was choose for
observation.
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||
Class A
(Final)
|
Class B
(3rd
Final)
|
Class C
(3rd
Final)
|
Class C
(Semi-Final)
|
Total
|
|
Evade
|
2
|
3
|
7
|
6
|
18
|
Block
|
5
|
6
|
11
|
||
Catch
|
7
|
2
|
4
|
9
|
22
|
Self Release
|
6
|
2
|
2
|
10
|
|
Block and Sweep
|
1
|
5
|
6
|
||
Block and Punch
|
3
|
3
|
|||
Block and Kick
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
|
Fake Kick
|
6
|
1
|
7
|
||
Fake Punch
|
1
|
1
|
|||
Other
|
4
|
7
|
9
|
8
|
28
|
Total
|
22
|
20
|
29
|
40
|
111
|
Table 1: General frequency of movements and results verified
during a silat competition
Winner Four Main
Indicator
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||
Hit Target
|
Hit Elsewhere
|
Miss Opponent
|
Not Accessible
|
Full data
|
|
Punch
|
10
|
10
|
|||
Kick
|
25
|
9
|
5
|
39
|
|
Topple
|
13
|
17
|
4
|
34
|
|
Sweep
|
10
|
12
|
1
|
23
|
|
Total
|
58
|
9
|
34
|
5
|
106
|
Table 2: Frequency
indicators of winner
Loser Four Main
Indicator
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||
Hit Target
|
Hit Elsewhere
|
Miss Opponent
|
Not Accessible
|
Full data
|
|
Punch
|
34
|
2
|
9
|
45
|
|
Kick
|
16
|
16
|
15
|
47
|
|
Topple
|
7
|
15
|
5
|
27
|
|
Sweep
|
7
|
5
|
2
|
14
|
|
Total
|
64
|
18
|
44
|
7
|
133
|
Table 3: Frequency
indicators of loser
RESULT
Summary indicator
result of the competition
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Sweep
|
Total
|
Winner
|
10
|
39
|
34
|
23
|
106
|
Loser
|
45
|
47
|
27
|
14
|
133
|
Total
|
55
|
86
|
61
|
37
|
239
|
Table 4: Frequency
indicators of two fighters for four main movements
DISCUSSION
The entire variable was not too
notable except for the Punch, Kick, Topple and Sweep. Every variable has divide
into three other indicator which is Hit Target, Hit Elsewhere and Miss
Opponent. For the punch indicator as can see from the result table show that
the difference result between the winner and loser exponent was big which the
difference is about 35 punching where the 45 punch had been throw by the loser
exponent and just 10 punch by winner exponent. This is might because of the
accuracy of throw punch by the winner exponent is higher than the loser
exponent. Even though if compare to the kicking, the frequency of punching is
lower than the kicking. From the other side punching show the result where the chance
for the punching to not be hitting or miss the opponent is lower, this can be
say that the punching indicator has a higher accuracy. This result also had
been said from the past study where the frequency of punching is lower than
kicking, the high percentage of hitting the target showed that punching is the
most successful action for a silat exponent to get a point in competition (Shapie, M. et al., 2013).
Next, the frequency of topple
between the winner and loser exponent shows that the winner exponent had done
the topple skills in silat competition which the total is 34 try where the
loser exponent only done the topple skills about 27 times. If we relates this
to the silat competition scoring, the topple skills where it need to make the
opponent down has a higher score compare to the other technique. The score for
the direct attack that successfully drop the opponent is three (3) and for successfully
grabbing the opponent’s leg followed by a successful dropping technique can get
the score one plus three (1+3). With this we can assume the reason of the
winner exponent can win the competition is because they choose the skill or
technique where can give them a higher score to be the winner rather than the
skills which had a lower score result.
Lastly, the sweep indicator as show
in the table, the winner exponent had done the sweep skills nine times more
than the loser exponent. The purposed of performing sweep is to make the
opponent lose their balance and at the same time as a chance to make them down
for collecting the score. From the table 2, even the result of the winner miss
the opponent is higher than the loser but the result for the hit target and
miss the opponent at the winner side is higher than the loser. For this what we
can say is it might be because the loser opponent is to hesitate in taking the
action or to hasty in catch up the score that make them repeatedly fail for the
actions.
CONCLUSION
As the conclusion, this study is
about to analyses the between the winner and the loser exponent in Silat
Olahraga by post-event analysis from SEA Games in Singapore 2015. The study was
complemented by the extensive work and other studies carried out by (Shapie, Oliver, O'Donoghue, & Tong, 2013).
From this study it can help to improve the understanding of information for the
Silat looking at the performance in high intensity and low intensity action.
The video that consist the Silat Olahraga competition had use for this study to
analyses the performance indicator. The winner and loser has been analysed by
four criteria such as punch, topple, sweep, and kick.
From the discussion we can say that
the topple and sweep skills is a skills that the winner choose during the
competition as a strategies to gain a benefit from the higher scoring. Topple is
a good movement which can lead to 3 points for every successful takedown
compare to kicking which is only 2 points but to has the good ability top done
the topple, the silat exponent should improve they muscle strength first. Since
to take down the opponent, exponent had to use more energy and strength or
their can lose the opponent.
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommendation for the silat
exponent to improve their skill especially in a topple, self release skills and
increases in accuracy at their training program. . Based on the result, the
main factor to win the match is come from punching that surely hit the target,
so it is suggested that the exponent must find the opportunity to punch their
opponent as much as they can because they will get only one point for one punch.
Meanwhile, the exponent need to reduce the frequency of punch hit elsewhere
because there is no point given for that punch. For the sweep skill, in order
to decrease the frequency of missed target, the fighter need to focus,
currently in good position and try to read opponent’s next movement. Topple
that hit the target is so important because it gives the fighter so much
points. So, the recommendation here is the fighter must tightly grab the
opponent so that he will not escape and can be taken down.
REFERENCES
Aziz, A. R., Tan,
B., & Teh, K. C. (2002). Physiological responses during matches and profile
of elite pencak silat exponents. Journal
of Sports Science and Medicine, 1, 147-155.
Kartomi, M.
(2011). Traditional and modern forms of pencak silat in indonesia: The suku
mamak in riau. Musicology Australia, 33(1),
47-68. doi:10.1080/08145857.2011.580716
Latiff, Z. A.
(2012). Revisiting pencak silat: The malay martial arts in theatre practice and
actor training. Asian Theatre Journal, 29(2),
380-401.
Shapie, M.,
Nizam, M., Oliver, J., O'Donoghue, P., & Tong, R. (2013). Activity profile
during action time in national silat competition. Journal of Combat Sports & Martial Arts, 4(1).
Shapie,
M. N. M., Oliver, J., O'Donoghue, P., & Tong, R. (2013). Activity profile
during action time in national silat competition (Vol. 4, pp. 81-86): Index
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Journal, Vol 4, No. 2 (Book 12, 1999: 38 –
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Silat? http://psgfm.com.my/2016/01/23/apa-itu-pencak-silat/
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Rules & Regulations (PDF) http://www.usasilat.org/competitions
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Tanding Category Vietnam vs Singapore: 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved
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Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat
Tanding Category Vietnam vs Singapore ; 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015.
Retrieved at May 4, 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eruVei7Pdg
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat
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Retrieved at May 4, 2016 fromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38l1L7K_Bf0
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Tanding Men's Class E Semi-Final Vietnam vs Indonesia; 28th SEA Games Singapore
2015. Retrieved at May 4, 2016 fromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L62CI3MJ-8A
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